JSCS Vol 72, No. 12
Issue dedicated to
Dragutin M. Dražić on the occasion of his retirement as Editor-in-Chief and in
recognition of his great effort and success in editing of the Journal of the
Serbian Chemical Society
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EDITORIAL
This issue of the Journal
of the Serbian Chemical Society was chosen by the members of the Presidency of
the Society and of the Editorial Board from
Dragutin Dražić
succeeded Slobodan V. Ribnikar, who was Editor-in-Chief for 10 years, AMong
others in the 77-year old history of the Journal and who introduced many
improvements in editing and editing policy, including editing in English since
1985.
Dragutin Dražić was
Editor-in Chief for more than 20 years. In addition to his immense impact as a
scientist and university teacher to the field of Electrochemistry and Physical
Chemistry and to the understanding of the importance of chemistry and of the
natural science in general (see J. Serb. Chem Soc., 66 (2001)
731), his great effort in the editing of the Journal resulted in its pivotal
position in the world of scientific journals in
The papers in this issue
were prepared by the authors from
Branislav Nikolić, Editor-in-Chief
Bogdan Šolaja, President of the Serbian Chemical Society
Full Article
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J. Serb.
Chem. Soc. 72 (12) 1173–1179 (2007)
UDC 54.024+542.9:547.815:547.514,
JSCS–3650, doi: 10.2298/JSC0712173E; Original scientific paper
Radical reactions of
xanthates: annulation of the cyclopentene ring
AHMED MOHAMED ELHESHI*, VESELIN
MASLAK*,** and RADOMIR N. SAICIC*,**
*Faculty of Chemistry,
**ICTM, Center for Chemistry, Njegoseva 12,
(Received 03 July 2007)
Homoallylic radicals, generated from the corresponding xanthates, react
with terminal alkynes to give cyclopentene derivatives in moderate yields.
Keywords: radicals, annulation, cyclopentene, xanthates,
alkynes.
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J. Serb.
Chem. Soc. 72 (12) 1181–1190 (2007)
UDC 541.459:615.28, JSCS–3651, 10.2298/JSC0712181O; Original scientific paper
IGOR OPSENICA, DEJAN OPSENICA, MILKA
JADRANIN, KIRSTEN S. SMITH*, WILBUR K. MILHOUS*, MANOLIS STRATAKIS** and BOGDAN
SOLAJA***
*Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed
Army Institute of Research,
**Department of Chemistry,
***Faculty of Chemistry,
(Received 06 September 2007)
Several dicyclohexylidene tetraoxanes were prepared in
order to gain a further insight into structure–activity relationship of this
kind of antimalarials. The tetraoxanes 2–5,
obtained as a cis/trans mixture,
showed pronounced antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine susceptible D6, chloroquine
resistant W2 and multidrug-resistant TM91C235 (Thailand) strains. They have
better than or similar activity to the corresponding desmethyl
dicyclohexylidene derivatives. Two chimeric endoperoxides with superior
antimalarial activity to the natural product ascaridole were also synthesized.
Keywords: mixed tetraoxanes, endoperoxides, malaria, P.
falciparum.
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J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 72 (12) 1191–1200 (2007)
UDC 530.13:541.124:544.4:547.564.8:66.012,
JSCS–3652, doi: 10.2298/JSC0712191J; Original scientific paper
Substituent and structural effects on the kinetics of
the reaction of N-(substituted
phenylmethylene)-m- and -p-AMinobenzoic acids with
diazodiphenylmethane
BRATISLAV Z. JOVANOVIC, ALEKSANDAR
D. MARINKOVIC, ŽELJKO VITNIK* and IVAN O. JURANIC*
Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy,
University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, P.O. Box 35-03, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
*Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12–16,
11001
(Received 26 April 2007)
The rate constants for the reaction of twenty-two N-(substituted phenyl methylene)-m- and -p-AMinobenzoic acids
with diazodiphenylmethane were determined in absolute ethanol at 30 °C. The
effects of substituents on the reactivity of the investigated compounds were
interpreted by correlation of the rate constants with LFER equations. The
results of quantum mechanical calculations of the mole cular structure together
with experimental results gave a better insight into the effects of structure
on the transmission of electronic effects of the substituents. New σ constants
for substituted benzylideneAMino group were calculated.
Keywords: rate constants; substituent and structural effects;
geometry optimization.
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UDC
546–32+547.53.024:541.121+544.35:543.4/.5, JSCS–3653, doi: 10.2298/JSC0712201V; Original scientific paper
An LFER study of the protolytic equilibria
of 4-aryl-2,4-dioxobutanoic acids in aqueous solutions
TATJANA Z. VERBIC, BRANKO J. DRAKULIC*, MIRE F. ZLOH**, JOVANA R.
PECELJ, GORDANA V. POPOVIC*** and IVAN O. JURANIC
Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12–16,
11000
*Department of Chemistry – Institute of Chemistry, Technology and
Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoseva 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
**The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29/39 Brunswick Square,
London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
***Faculty of Pharmacy,
(Received 29 May 2007)
The protolytic equilibria of 13
4-aryl-2,4-dioxobutanoic acids (ADKs) were spectrophotometrically studied in
aqueous solutions in the pH range 1–9 at 25±1 °C and an ionic strength of 0.1
mol l-1 (NaCl), with the exception of the 4-OH- derivative which was
also potentiometrically studied in the pH range 7–10 at 25±1 °C and an ionic
strength of 0.1 mol l-1 (NaCl). In solution, the compounds
simultaneously exist in one diketo and two enolic forms; therefore, the determined
acidity constants (pKa1
1.87–2.29, pKa2 6.63–8.13
and pKa3(4-
Keywords:
acidity constants, 4-aryl-2,4-dioxobutanoic acids (ADK), linear free energy
relationship (LFER).
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J. Serb.
Chem. Soc. 72 (12) 1217–1227 (2007)
UDC 547.595+66.093.1+66.061:531.61,
JSCS–3654, doi: 10.2298/JSC0712217N; Original scientific
paper
A linear
solvation energy relationship study for the reactivity of 2-substituted
cyclohex-1-enecarboxylic and 2-substituted benzoic acids with
diazodiphenylmethane in aprotic and protic solvents
JASMINA
B. NIKOLIC and GORDANA S. USCUMLIC
Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Technology
and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, P. O. Box 3505, 11120
Belgrade, Serbia
(Received
The rate constants for the reaction of 2-substituted
cyclohex-1-enylcarboxylic acids and the corresponding 2-substituted benzoic
acids with diazodiphenyl methane were determined in various aprotic solvents at
30 ºC. In order to explain the kinetic results through solvent effects, the
second order rate constants of the reaction of the exAMined acids were
correlated using the KAMlet–Taft solvatechromic equation. The correlations of
the kinetic data were carried out by means of multiple linear regression
analysis and the solvent effects on the reaction rates were analyzed in terms
of the contributions of the initial and transition state. The signs of the
equation coefficients support the proposed reaction mechanism. The quantitative
relationship between the molecular structure and the chemical reactivity is
discussed, as well as the effect of geometry on the reactivity of the exAMined
molecules.
Keywords:
carboxylic acids, linear solvation energy relationship, diazodiphenylmethane,
aprotic solvents, protic solvents.
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J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 72 (12)
1229–1236 (2007)
UDC 546.17'11+547.53.024:543.422.25, JSCS– 3655, doi: 10.2298/JSC0712229M; Original scientific paper
A
study of substituent effects on the NH bond in alkyl and aryl
4,6-disubstituted-3-cyano-2-pyridones
MILICA MISIC–VUKOVIC, SLOBODANKA JOVANOVIC*, DUSAN MIJIN, JANOSZ
CSANADI** and DEJAN DJOKOVIC***
Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy,
*Galenika a.d., R&AMp;D Institute,
Batajnicki drum b.b., 11000
**Faculty of Science,
***Faculty of Chemistry,
(Received
Substituent effects on the IR stretching frequencies and 1H-NMR
chemical shifts of the pyridone NH group in 4- and 6-disubstituted alkyl and
aryl 3-cyano-2-pyridones were investigated. The bands most sensitive to
substituent effects from the broad and multiple
Keywords: substituted 2-pyridones, LFER analysis, NH bond, IR
and 1H-NMR spectra.
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J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 72 (12) 1237–1254 (2007)
UDC 547.2–035.8+547.52:547.915(497.11), JSCS– 3656, doi: 10.2298/JSC0712237S; Original scientific paper
Evaluation of saturated and aromatic
hydrocarbons oil–oil maturity correlation parAMeters (SE Pannonian Basin,
KSENIJA STOJANOVIC*,**, BRANIMIR
JOVANČIĆEVIĆ**,***, DRAGOMIR VITOROVIĆ**,***, YULIA GOLOVKO****, GALINA
PEVNEVA**** and ANATOLY GOLOVKO****
*Department of Medicine,
**ICTM –
***Department of Chemistry,
****
(Received 10 May 2007)
Twenty three crude oils from the Serbian part of the Pannonian Basin (14
from the Vojvodina Province and 9 from the Drmno Depression) were investigated,
aimed at an evaluation of oil–oil maturity correlation parAMeters based on the
distribution and abundance of saturated biomarkers and alkylarene constituents.
Factor and cluster analyses were used for this purpose. Factor analyses using
varimax rotation were first run separately, i.e.,
of maturity parAMeters based on the abundance of (a) n-alkanes and isoprenoids, (b) steranes and triterpanes, (c)
alkylnaphthalenes, and (d) alkylphenanthrenes. These analyses yielded 9
important “maturity factors”. Eight of them, showing higher than 30 % of
variance, were further involved in another factor analysis, as well as in
cluster analysis using the Ward method. In this way, all maturity parAMeters
based on saturated biomarkers and alkylarenes were evaluated and ranged,
considering the fact that the observed factors represented their linear combinations.
The results showed that in the correlation of crude oils from the Serbian part
of the Pannonian Basin, the most important were maturity parAMeters based on
isomerization reactions involving one methyl group in thermodynAMically less
stable α-methylnaphthalenes,
ethylnaphthalenes, dimethylnaphthalenes and methylphenanthrenes, and their
change into more stable isomers with the methyl group in the β position in the aromatic ring.
Processes constituting high loadings factor 2 and factor 3 parAMeters were also
defined. Hierarchy between the “factors” and parAMeters were controlled, and
approved, by cluster analysis using the Ward method. Finally, the investigated
crude oils were correlated by factor and cluster analyses, using all the
important “maturity factors”. Differences in maturity were observed between the
Vojvodina and Drmno Depression crude oils, as well as between oils originating
from
Keywords: crude oils, SE Pannonian Basin, saturated
biomarkers, alkylarenes, maturity, factor and cluster analyses.
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J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 72 (12) 1255–1263 (2007)
UDC 547.458.2+54.05:664.642:582.282.23, JSCS– 3657, 10.2298/JSC0712255A; Original scientific paper
Preparation
and studies on immobilized α-glucosidase
from baker’s yeast Saccharomyces
cerevisiae
KHALED S. O. H. AHMED, NENAD B. MILOSAVIC*,
MILICA M. POPOVIC, RADIVOJE M. PRODANOVIC, ZORICA D. KNEZEVIC** and RATKO M.
JANKOV
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12–16,
11000
*Department of Chemistry,
**Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology and
Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11000
(Received
α-Glucosidase from S. cerevisiae
was covalently immobilized onto Sepabeads EC–EA by the glutaraldehyde method.
An analysis of the variables controlling the immobilization process is first
presented and it is shown that the highest coupling of α-glucosidase occurred within 24 h. Also, a loading of 30 mg/g
support proved to be effective, resulting in a rather high activity of around
45 U g–1 with a satisfactory degree of enzyme fixed. Both free and
immobilized enzymes were then characterized by determining the activity profile
as a function of pH, temperature and thermal stability. The obtained
immobilized preparation showed the sAMe optimum pH, but a higher optimum
temperature compared with the soluble one. In addition, the immobilized enzyme
treated at 45 ºC for 1 h still retained an activity of around 20 %, whereas the
free enzyme completely lost its original activity under this condition. In
conclusion, the developed immobilization procedure is quite simple, easily
reproducible and provides a promising solution for the application of
immobilized α-glucosidase.
Keywords: maltase, Sepabeads EC–EA, immobilization,
stabilization.
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J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 72 (12) 1265–1269 (2007)
UDC 547.913.2/.5+547.565.2+537.363:615.277, JSCS–3658, 10.2298/JSC0712265V; Original scientific paper
Interactions
of the anti-tumor sesquiterpene hydroquinone avarol with DNA in vitro
MIROSLAVA VUJCIC, SRDJAN TUFEGDZIC, ZORAN
VUJCIC*, MIROSLAV J. GASIC and DUSAN SLADIC*
*Faculty of Chemistry,
(Received
Changes in electrophoresis pattern after interaction of supercoiled
plasmid pBR322 DNA with avarol was studied at a micromolar concentration of
reactants under mild reaction conditions. Interactions of avarol with linear
high-molecular CT-DNA at millimolar concentrations were analyzed by
electrophoresis and UV spectrophotometry. It was observed that avarol is
capable of quenching ethidium bromide fluorescence in DNA bands. An increase in
the absorbance of DNA was detected. The results indicate the binding of avarol
to DNA and/or modification of nucleotide bases.
Keywords: avarol, hydroquinone, anti-tumor activity, pBR322
DNA, calf thymus DNA.
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UDC *Gerardia savaglia:639.61/.62:547.567:547.96, JSCS–3659, 10.2298/JSC0712271P; Short communication
Short communication
Chemical
modification of the lectin of the marine coral Gerardia savaglia by marine quinone avarone
IVANA PAJIC, ZORAN VUJCIC, MIROSLAVA VUJCIC*, IRENA NOVAKOVIC*, DUSAN
SLADIC and MIROSLAV J. GASIC*
Faculty of Chemistry,
*Center for Chemistry – ICTM, Njegoseva 12, 11000
(Received
The quinone avarone, isolated from the marine sponge Dysidea avara, possesses the ability to
chemically modify proteins. In this work, modification of lectin isolated from
the coral Gerardia savaglia by
avarone was exAMined. The techniques used for studying the modification were:
SDS PAGE, isoelectric focusing and hemagglutination testing. The results of the
SDS PAGE indicate dimerization of the protein. A shift of the pI toward lower
value occurs upon modification. The change of the hemagglutination activity of
the protein confirms that chemical modification of G. savaglia lectin by avarone changes its ability to interact with
the membrane of erythrocytes.
Keywords: avarone, quinone, Gerardia savaglia lectin, covalent
modification.
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J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 72 (12) 1275–1280 (2007)
UDC 547.913.2/.5+547.473:543.062:543.422.25, JSCS–3660, 10.2298/JSC0712275T; Short communication
Short communication
Quantitative analysis of sesquiterpene
lactone cnicin in seven Centaurea
species wild-growing in
VELE TESEVIC, SLOBODAN MILOSAVLJEVIC,
VLATKA VAJS*, PEDJA JANACKOVIC**, IRIS DJORDJEVIC***, MILKA JADRANIN* and IVAN
VUCKOVIC*
Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12–16,
*
**Faculty of Biology, Studentski trg 12–16, 11001
***Faculty for Veterinary Medicine,
(Received
1H-NMR spectroscopy was applied for the
quantitative analysis of cnicin, a bioactive germacranolide type sesquiterpene
lactone, in the aerial parts of seven wild-growing Centaurea species collected in
Keywords: 1H-NMR, Centaurea, cnicin, BHT.
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UDC 546.732.004.12:548.7:547.772:548.73, JSCS–3661, doi: 10.2298/JSC0712281L; Original scientific paper
Transition metal complexes with pyrazole
based ligands.
Part 27. Structural and thermal characterization of cobalt(II) halide and
pseudohalide complexes with 4-acetyl-3-AMino-5-methylpyrazole
VUKADIN M. LEOVAC, ZORAN D. TOMIC*, KATALIN MÉSZÁROS SZÉCSÉNYI, LJILJANA
S. JOVANOVIC and
University of Novi Sad, Faculty of
Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Trg D. Obradovica 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
*"Vinca" Institute of Nuclear
Sciences, Laboratory of Theoretical Physics and Condensed Matter Physics,
**Faculty of Sciences,
(Received
The crystal and molecular structures of four tetrahedral structurally
similar [Co(aAMp)2X2] complexes (aAMp =
4-acetyl-3-AMino-5-methylpyrazole, X = Cl, Br, I and NCS) were determined by
X-ray diffraction analysis and are discussed in detail. It was found that the
different capacity of the ligand X (NCS vs. Cl, Br, I) for the formation of
non-bonding cntacts influence the mode of molecular association in the solid
state. The complexes were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy. The first step
of the thermal decomposition of the compounds was checked and is discussed in
the view of the IR spectrum of the intermediate isolated from [Co(aAMp)2Br2]
by the quasi-isothermal technique.
Keywords: Cobalt(II) complexes,
4-acetyl-3-AMino-5-methylpyrazole, crystal structure, electronic spectra,
quasi-isothermal TA.
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J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 72 (12) 1295–1308 (2007)
UDC 546.732+547.64:66.087.3, JSCS–3662, doi: 10.2298/JSC0712295V;
Original scientific paper
High-spin binuclear Co(II) complexes with a
pendant octaazAMaclocycle and carboxylates
G. VUCKOVIC, S. B. TANASKOVIC*, Z .M. MIODRAGOVIC and V. STANIC
Faculty of Chemistry,
*Faculty of Pharmacy,
(Received
Three new binuclear Co(II) mixed-ligand complexes with N,N′,N′′,N′′′-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane
(tpmc) and mono- or dicarboxylate ligands were prepared and some of their
physical properties were determined. The general formulas: [Co2(HCOO)2tpmc](ClO4)2·4H2O,
[Co2(CH3COO)2tpmc](ClO4)2
and [Co2(tpht)tpmc](ClO4)2·4H2O (tphtH2
= terephthalic acid) were proposed on the basis of elemental analyses (C,H,N)
and molar conductivity. UV/Vis absorption and IR spectra, magnetic and CV
measurements were used to study their geometries and properties. For the
monocarboxylate complexes, an exo
coordination of Co(II) with four nitrogens from tpmc and bis-bidentate bonded HCOO-/CH3COO-
in the trans position is assumed.
Tpmc adopts the chair conformation. For the dicarboxylate complex, it is
supposed that a terephthalate dianion, as well as methylene chains from cyclAM
bridged two Co(II) atoms, while tpmc is in the boat conformation. The complexes
were stable against chemical and electrochemical oxidation of Co(II) to
Co(III). The data are compared with those for the previously published Cu(II)
complexes containing the corresponding ligands and mutual similarities or
differences were considered. Finally, some antibacterial activity of the
complexes was found.
Keywords: Co(II) mixed-ligand complexes, N,N′,N′′,N′′′- tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane,
acetate, formate, terephthalate.
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UDC 546.39+546.141:544.4:54–44:66.092–977, JSCS–3663, doi: 10.2298/JSC0712309S; Original scientific paper
A kinetic study of the thermal degradation
of cetyltrimethylAMmonium bromide inside the mesoporous SBA-3 molecular sieve
DJORDJE STOJAKOVIC, NEVENKA RAJIC, MAJA MRAK* and VENCESLAV KAUCIC**
Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy,
*Jozef Stefan Institute, JAMova 39, 1000
**National Institute of Chemistry,
Hajdrihova 19, 1000
(Received
The thermal degradation of cetyltrimethylAMmonium bromide (CTMAB) inside
the mesoporous SBA-3 was studied under non-isothermal conditions. There are two
distinct and complex kinetic processes which partly overlap, each consisting of
one dominant and three minor individual processes. The two dominant processes
can be described by the Sestak–Berggren model. The main decomposition step (the
first dominant process) involves the overcoming of weak interactions between
CTMAB and the silica network and proceeds with a lower Ea value (116±2 kJ mol‑1) than the second
dominant process (153±5 kJ mol-1), which can be explained by the
size reduction of the pore openings due to the contraction of the SBA-3 unit
cell caused by the removal of CTMAB.
Keywords: NPK method, non-isothermal kinetics, open-frAMework,
SBA-3, cetyltrimethylAMmonium bromide (CTMAB).
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UDC 519.17–124+519.177:577.11, JSCS–3664, doi: 10.2298/JSC0712321G;
Original scientific paper
Relating Estrada index with spectral radius
IVAN GUTMAN, SLAVKO RADENKOVIC, BORIS FURTULA, TOUFIK MANSOUR* and MATTHIAS
SCHORK**
Faculty of Science,
*Department of Mathematics,
**CAMillo–Sitte–Weg 25, 60488
(Received
The Estrada index EE is a
recently proposed molecular structure-descriptor, used in the modeling of
certain features of the 3D structure of organic molecules, in particular of the
degree of folding of proteins and other long-chain biopolymers. The Estrada index
is computed from the spectrum of the molecular graph. Therefore, finding its
relation with the spectral radius r
(= the greatest graph eigenvalue) is of interest, especially because the
structure-dependency of r is
relatively well understood. In this work, the basic characteristics of the
relation between EE and r, which turned out to be much more
complicated than initially anticipated, was determined.
Keywords: molecular graph, Estrada index, spectral radius,
graph spectrum.
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UDC 532.74+519.6+519.218.7:541.124.7+537.872, JSCS–3665, doi: 10.2298/JSC0712329M; Original scientific paper
Are the progrAM packages for molecular
structure calculations really black boxes?
ANA MRAKOVIC, MILICA DRVENDZIJA, ALEKSANDRA SAMOLOV, MILENA PETKOVIC and
MILJENKO PERIC
Faculty of Physical Chemistry,
(Received
In this communication it is shown that the widely held opinion that
compact progrAM packages for quantum–mechanical calculations of molecular
structure can safely be used as black boxes is completely wrong. In order to
illustrate this, the results of computations of equilibrium bond lengths,
vibrational frequencies and dissociation energies for all homonuclear diatomic
molecules involving the atoms from the first two rows of the Periodic Table,
performed using the Gaussian progrAM package are presented. It is demonstrated
that the sensible use of the progrAM requires a solid knowledge of quantum
chemistry.
Keywords: molecular structure calculations, Gaussian,
dissociation energy.
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UDC 519.17–124+539.124+537.872, JSCS–3666, doi: 10.2298/JSC0712343R;
Original scientific paper
Total π-electron energy and Laplacian
energy: How far the analogy goes?
SLAVKO RADENKOVIC and IVAN GUTMAN
Faculty of Science, University of
Kragujevac, P. O. Box 60, 34000
(Received 23 July 2007)
The Laplacian energy LE is a newly
introduced molecular-graph-based analog of the total π-electron energy E. It is shown that LE and E have a similar
structure-dependency only when molecules of different sizes are compared, when
a good linear correlation between them exists. Within classes of isomers, LE and E are either not correlated at all or (as in the case of acyclic
systems) are inversely proportional. The acyclic graphs and molecular graphs
having the greatest and smallest LE
values (determined in this work) differ significantly from those (previously
known) having the greatest and smallest E
values.
Keywords: Laplacian energy, graph energy, total π-electron
energy.
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UDC 661.183.6:544.354–128.4:549.632:544.344, JSCS–3667, doi: 10.2298/JSC0712351D; Original scientific paper
Thermally induced conversion of Mg2+
cation exchanged LTA, FAU, GIS and SOD zeolites: syntheses and characterization
of γ-cordierite, a new Mg2Al4Si5O18
polymorph
RADOVAN
DIMITRIJEVIC and VERA DONDUR*
Faculty of Mining and Geology, Department
of Crystallography, University of Belgrade, Djusina 7, 11000
*Faculty of Physical Chemistry, Akademski
trg 16,
(Received 26 September 2007)
The thermal behaviours of fully Mg2+ cation exchanged LTA,
FAU (X and Y species), GIS and SOD zeolites were investigated in the
temperature range from AMbient to 1400 °C. The initial zeolite frAMeworks
collapsed into AMorphous intermediate substances after air heating between 800–850
°C. Prolonged annealing of these products above 850 °C induced
recrystallization into sapphirine-like phases (Mg–LTA and Mg–FAUx
zeolites) and μ-cordierite (Mg–FAUy
and Mg–GIS zeolites) phases. These phases were unstable during further temperature/time
treatment and between 1000–1100 °C, they polymorphously transformed into γ-cordierite, a new Mg2Al4Si5O18
polymorph. γ-Cordierite was formed as
a transformation product from the investigated zeolite precursors, except for
the Mg–SOD zeolite. Structurally the γ-cordierite
phase is a modulated, Mg-stuffed derivative of cristobalite with the
approximate composition Mg2Al4Si5O18,
which precedes the appearance of α-cordierite.
The orthorhombic unit cell dimensions calculated from X-ray powder diffraction
pattern are: a = 16.387(7) Å, b = 8.835(4) Å, c = 7.853(3) Å. γ-Cordierite has a narrow range of temperature
stability (1100–1200 °C) and during prolonged temperature/time treatment, it is
polymorphously transformed to the α-cordierite phase.
Keywords: Mg2+ cation exchanged zeolites, thermal
conversion, γ-cordierite new
polymorph, phase stability.
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UDC 661.183.6:544.354–128.4:549.632:544.344, JSCS–3668, doi: 10.2298/JSC0712363M; Short communication
Short communication
A consideration of the correct calculation
of thermodynAMic parAMeters of adsorption
SLOBODAN K. MILONJIC
The Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences,
P.O. Box 522, 11001
(Received 09 October 2007)
The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations have been widely used for
interpreting various adsorption processes. There are, however, many serious mistakes
in the literature in determination or calculation of thermodynAMic parAMeters,
especially in the determination of the change in the free energy of adsorption
using Langmuir, Freundlich and Henry constants. Many authors used these
constants for the determination of ΔG
expressed instead of dimensionless in some concentration units (for exAMple: l
mol-1, l g-1, ml mg-1, etc.).
Keywords: adsorption, thermodynAMic parAMeters, correct
calculation.
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UDC 546.56:536.5+66.087+532.612, JSCS–3669, doi: 10.2298/JSC0712369N;
Original scientific paper
Effect of temperature on the
electrodeposition of disperse copper deposits
NEBOJSA D. NIKOLIC*, LJUBICA J. PAVLOVIC*, MIOMIR G. PAVLOVIC* and
KONSTANTIN I. POPOV*,**
*ICTM – Institute of Electrochemistry,
University of Belgrade, Njegoseva 12, P. O. Box 473, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
**Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy,
University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, P. O. Box 3503, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
(Received 23 July 2007)
The effect of temperature on the electrodeposition of copper at
overpotentials belonging to the plateau of the limiting diffusion current
density and higher was exAMined by the determination of the average current
efficiency of hydrogen evolution and by scanning electron microscopic (SEM)
analysis of the morphology of the formed copper deposits. Increasing the
temperature of the solution led to a shift of both the beginning and the end of
the plateau of the limiting diffusion current density towards lower
electrodeposition overpotentials. Also, higher temperatures led to the
formation of morphological forms of copper deposits characteristic for
electrodeposition of copper at some higher overpotentials. The unexpected trend
in the development of copper structures electrodeposited at an overpotential of
800 mV is discussed in terms of the effect of temperature on the viscosity and
surface tension of the electroplating solution.
Keywords: electrodeposition, copper, hydrogen evolution,
temperature, viscosity, surface tension.
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UDC 539.61:547–311+667.6:669.5–034:620.193, JSCS–3670, doi: 10.2298/JSC0712383B; Original scientific paper
Adhesion of epoxy cataphoretic coatings on
Zn alloys
JELENA B. BAJAT, VESNA B. MISKOVIC–STANKOVIC and DRAGUTIN M. DRAZIC*
Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy,
University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, P.O. Box 35-03, 11120
*ICTM – IEC, P.O. Box 815, 11001
(Received 21 September 2006)
One of the most important factors in corrosion prevention by protective
coatings is the loss of coating adhesion under environmental influence. In this
work, the adhesion of epoxy cataphoretic coatings was exAMined on steel and
steel modified by Zn–Fe and Zn–Co alloys. The dry and wet adhesions of epoxy
primers were measured by the direct pull-off standardized procedure, as well as
indirectly by the NMP test. The corrosion stability of the coated sAMples was
investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It was shown that under
dry testing conditions all the sAMples exhibited very good adhesion. However,
different trends of adhesion loss of different protective systems during
exposure to a corrosive agent (3 % NaCl solution) were observed. The lowest
adhesion values were obtained for epoxy coating on the steel substrate. The
change in adhesion of the epoxy coating on steel modified by Zn–Co alloy during
immersion in 3 % NaCl solution for 24 days was the smallest of all the
investigated sAMples. Electrochemical impedance measurements in 3 % NaCl
solution confirmed the good protective properties of this protective system,
i.e., greater values of pore resistance were obtained.
Keywords: adhesion, Zn–Fe alloy, Zn–Co alloy, epoxy coating,
electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
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UDC 544.773.42+546.82–31:620.197.5, JSCS–3671, doi: 10.2298/JSC0712393P; Original scientific paper
Sol-gel prepared active ternary oxide
coating on titanium in cathodic protection
VLADIMIR V. PANIC and BRANISLAV Z. NIKOLIC*
ICTM – Center for Electrochemistry,
Njegoseva 12, 11000
*Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University
of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, P.O.Box 3503, 11120,
(Received 24 July 2007)
The characteristics of a ternary oxide coating, on titanium, which
consisted of TiO2, RuO2 and IrO2 in the molar
ratio 0.6:0.3:0.1, calculated on the metal atom, were investigated for
potential application for cathodic protection in a seawater environment. The
oxide coatings on titanium were prepared by the sol gel procedure from a
mixture of inorganic oxide sols, which were obtained by forced hydrolysis of
metal chlorides. The morphology of the coating was exAMined by scanning
electron microscopy. The electrochemical properties of activated titanium
anodes were investigated by cyclic voltAMmetry and polarization measurements in
a H2SO4- and NaCl-containing electrolyte, as well as in
seawater sAMpled on the Adriatic coast in Tivat, Montenegro. The anode
stability during operation in seawater was investigated by the galvanostatic
accelerated corrosion stability test. The morphology and electrochemical characteristics
of the ternary coating are compared to that of a sol-gel-prepared binary Ti0.6Ru0.4O2
coating. The activity of the ternary coating was similar to that of the binary
Ti0.6Ru0.4O2 coating in the investigated
solutions. However, the corrosion stability in seawater is found to be
considerably greater for the ternary coating.
Keywords: ruthenium-oxide-based coatings, sol-gel
procedure, iridium oxide, cathodic protection, stability.
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UDC 546.57'82–31+544.4.004.12:66.094.1:66.087+546.57, JSCS–3672, doi: 10.2298/JSC0712403M; Original scientific paper
Tailoring the morphology and
electrocatalytic properties of electrochemically formed Ag/TiO2
composite deposits on titanium surfaces
S. V. MENTUS, I. BOSKOVIC*, J. M. PJESCIC*, V. GRUDIC* and Z. BOGDANOV**
Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University
of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000
*Faculty of Metallurgy and Technology,
Podgorica University, 81000
**Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences,
11001
(Received 14 August 2007)
Three different forms of Ag/TiO2 composite layers, which have
whisker-, dot- and island-like distribution of silver were obtained on a
mechanically polished titanium surface by adjusting the conditions of silver
deposition from an aqueous AgNO3 solution. The deposit morphology
was the result of both the progrAM of electrode polarization and the template
action of the simultaneously formed TiO2 layer. The catalytic
activity of the composite layers toward the oxygen reduction reaction was studied
in aqueous 0.1 M NaOH solutions and found to be a function of both the surface
loading of silver and the type of silver distribution within the Ag/TiO2
composite layers. The reaction path of oxygen reduction on the composite layers
was found to be always a 4e- one, characteristic otherwise of
polycrystalline silver electrodes.
Keywords: metal/oxide composite electrocatalysts, oxygen
reduction reaction, rotating disc electrode, silver electrodeposition, titanium
dioxide film.
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UDC 66.094.3+544.6:547.261+547.263+544.478:621.352, JSCS–3673, doi: 10.2298/JSC0712419G; Short communication
Short
communication
Mixtures of methanol and 2-propanol as a
potential fuel for direct alcohol fuel cells
S. LJ. GOJKOVIC, A. V. TRIPKOVIC* and R. M. STEVANOVIC*
Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy,
University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, P.O. Box 3503, 11120
*ICTM-Institute of Electrochemistry,
University of Belgrade, Njegoseva 12, P.O.Box 473, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
(Received 29 March 2007)
The electrochemical oxidation of methanol, 2-propanol, and their
mixtures was investigated on a Pt/C thin film electrode in acid solution. It
was confirmed that the oxidation of 2-propanol commences at less positive
potentials than that of methanol and exhibits significantly higher oxidation
current densities at low potentials. When both methanol and 2-propanol were
present in the solution, the onset of the oxidation current was the sAMe as for
the oxidation of pure 2-propanol. Although both alcohols inhibit the oxidation
reaction of each other to a certain extent, steady-state polarization
measurements showed that their mixture provides higher current densities than
single alcohols over the entire potential region from the hydrogen region to
oxide formation on the Pt surface. This implies that the addition of 2-propanol
into the fuel may extend the operational range of direct methanol fuel cells.
Keywords: electrochemical oxidation, 2-propanol, methanol,
platinum supported catalyst, fuel cell.
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UDC 544.6:615.33:541.135.5–034.21+541.135, JSCS–3674, doi: 10.2298/JSC0712427A; Original scientific paper
A study of the electrochemical activity of
some macrolide antibiotics on a gold electrode in a neutral electrolyte
M. L. AVRAMOV IVIC, S. D. PETROVIC*,** and D. Z. MIJIN*
ICTM –
*Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy,
**Hemofarm Group, Pharmaceutical and
Chemical Industry,
(Received 08 October 2007)
The aim of the present study is to present the different reactivity of
azithromycin and clarithromycin (pure and commercial) at a gold electrode in
neutral electrolyte using cyclic linear sweep voltAMmetry under the sAMe
experimental conditions. A gold electrode was successfully used for the
electrochemical qualitative and quantitative determination of azithromycin
dihydrate and azithromycin from capsules (Hemomycin®) and for the
separation of azithromycin from one of the excipients, lactose monohydrate. The
good catalytically activity of the gold electrode was employed only for the
qualitative electrochemical determination of pure clarithromycin by appearance
of one cathodic and four anodic reactions, which enabled structural changes in
this molecule during electrochemical reactions to be studied. Commercial
clarithromycin, Clathrocyn® was qualitative determined by one
reproducible anodic reaction. The activity of one of the excipients, Avicel,
observed as a cathodic peak at different potential from the cathodic peak
obtained with pure clarithromicin was used for the determination of its
presence in Clathrocyn® tablets. FTIR Analysis showed the apparent
changes in structure of pure clarithromycin, as well as in the molecule of
clarithromycin in Clathrocyn® tablets. HPLC Analysis showed a
significant decrease in the concentration of azithromycin, Hemomycin®
clarithromycin and Clathrocyn® after the electrochemical reactions.
Keywords: azithromycin, clarithromycin, gold
electrode, cyclic voltAMmetry.
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UDC 544.344+536.7.004.12:681.3.042/.043:536.658, JSCS–3675, 10.2298/JSC0712437D; Review paper
Review paper
Modelling of
volumetric properties of binary and ternary mixtures by CEOS, CEOS/GE and empirical models
BOJAN D. DJORDJEVIC, SLOBODAN P. SERBANOVIC, IVONA R. RADOVIC,
ALEKSANDAR Z. TASIC and MIRJANA LJ. KIJEVCANIN
Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy,
University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, P.O. Box 35-03, 11120
(Received 15 August 2007)
Although many cubic equations of state coupled with van der Waals-one
fluid mixing rules including temperature dependent interaction parAMeters are
sufficient for representing phase equilibria and excess properties (excess molar enthalpy HE, excess molar volume VE, etc.), difficulties appear in the correlation and prediction of thermodynAMic
properties of complex mixtures at various temperature and pressure ranges.
Great progress has been made by a new approach based on CEOS/GE models. This paper reviews
the last six-year of progress achieved in modelling of the volumetric properties
for complex binary and ternary systems of non-electrolytes by the CEOS and
CEOS/GE approaches. In addition, the vdW1 and TCBT models were used to estimate
the excess molar volume VE
of ternary systems methanol + chloroform + benzene and 1-propanol + chloroform
+ benzene, as well as the corresponding binaries methanol + chloroform,
chloroform + benzene, 1-propanol + chloroform and 1-propanol + benzene at
288.15–313.15 K and atmospheric pressure. Also, prediction of VE for both ternaries by
empirical models (Radojković, Kohler, Jackob–Fitzner, Colinet, Tsao–Smith,
Toop, Scatchard, Rastogi) was performed.
Keywords: correlation, prediction, volumetric properties, cubic
EOS mixing rules, empirical models, non-electrolyte multicomponent systems.
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UDC 543:615.285+615.45:541.135.5–.39.26, JSCS–3676, doi: 10.2298/JSC0712465G; Original scientific paper
Determination of various insecticides and
pharmaceuticals using differently modified glassy carbon electrodes
FERENC F. GAÁL*,**, VALÉRIA J. GUZSVÁNY* and LUKA J. BJELICA*
*Faculty of Sciences, Department of
Chemistry, Trg D. Obradovića 3, 21000
**Academy of Sciences and Arts of
Vojvodina, Dunavska 37, 21000
(Received 31 July 2007)
The applicability of differently modified glassy carbon (GC) electrodes
for direct or indirect determinations of various physiologically active
compounds (insecticides and pharmaceuticals) in different formulations and some
real sAMples was investigated. SAMples of selected insecticides from the group
of neonicotinoids with nitroguanidine (thiAMethoxAM and imidacloprid),
cyanoimine (acetAMiprid) and nitromethilene (nitenpyrAM) fragments, prepared in
an appropriate manner, were determined by voltAMmetry on bare and
surface-modified GC electrodes, while in the case of pharmaceuticals such as
Trodon and Akineton, the chloride anion titration was followed using bare GC
and phosphorus doped (P–GC) electrodes. The P–GC was also used to monitor the
chloride content in the photocatalytic degradation of the
(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid herbicide. It was found that apart from
the nature of the electrode material, the analyte and supporting electrolyte,
as well as the pretreatment of the electrode surface essentially influences the
applicability of the employed sensors.
Keywords: bismuth film electrode, tetradecan film electrode,
phosphorus-doped glassy carbon, insecticides, pharmaceuticals,
electroanalytical determinations.
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UDC 544.4+541.14+66.092.094:632.954+628, JSCS–3677, doi: 10.2298/JSC0712477A; Original scientific paper
Photocatalytic removal of the herbicide
clopyralid from water
BILJANA F. ABRAMOVIC*, VESNA B. ANDERLUH*, DANIELA V. SOJIC* and FERENC
F. GAÁL*,**
*Faculty of Sciences, Department of
Chemistry, Trg D. Obradovića 3, 21000
**Academy of Sciences and Arts of
Vojvodina, Dunavska 37, 21000
(Received 20 July 2007)
The stability of the herbicide clopyralid (3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic
acid) was studied under different experimental conditions of pH, illumination
and initial substrate concentration. It was found that in the pH interval from
1.0 to 9.0 in the presence/absence of daylight, clopyralid solutions were
stable for at least a period of two months. The kinetics of the photocatalytic
degradation of clopyralid in aqueous suspensions of TiO2 (Degussa
P25) under UV and visible light, as well as of direct photolysis using the sAMe
radiation sources, were also investigated. It was found that the rate of
photocatalytic degradation in the presence of UV light was more than five times
higher compared to direct photolysis, whereas in the presence of visible light,
the corresponding rates of photocatalytic/photolytic degradation were much
lower (more than 15 times). The reaction in the investigation concentration
range is zero-order with respect to the degradation of the clopyralid pyridine
moiety, with a reaction rate of 3.4×10−6 mol dm-3 min-1
and an adsorption coefficient of the substrate of 2.5×104 dm3
mol‑1.
Keywords: clopyralid, photocatalytic degradation, TiO2
Degussa P25, photolysis, water treatment.
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UDC 54.06+663.251:546.3:543.41, JSCS–3678, doi: 10.2298/JSC0712487R;
Original scientific paper
Multivariate data visualization methods
based on elemental analysis of wines by atomic absorption spectrometry
SLAVICA RAZIC, DJURO COKESA* and SNEZANA SREMAC*
*Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of
Analytical Chemistry, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11211
**The Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences,
(Received 3 July 2007)
The contents of five metals (Cu, Mn, Fe, Cd, and Pb) in several red and
white wines originating from different regions of Serbia were determined by
flAMe and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The data were
processed using chemometric techniques. Principal component and factor analysis
were applied in order to highlight the relations between the elements and,
after data reduction, three main factors controlling variability were
identified. Application of hierarchical cluster analysis to the studied wines
indicated differentiation of the sAMples belonging to different origins. No
discrimination between red and white wines was found.
Keywords: principal component analysis, factor analysis,
cluster analysis, metals, wines, classification.
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UDC 678.741.004.12:541.135.21:542.913, JSCS–3679, doi: 10.2298/JSC0712493V; Original scientific paper
Properties of aliphatic hyperbranched
polyesters in dilute solutions
JASNA VUKOVIC, MANFRED D. LECHNER and SLOBODAN JOVANOVIC*
Institute for Chemistry, University of
Osnabrueck, Barbarastraße 7, 49069
Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy,
University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120
(Received 20 August 2007)
The results of an investigation of the influence of the synthesis
procedure, number of pseudo generations and degree of branching of
hydroxy-functional aliphatic hyperbranched polyesters (AHBP) on the values of
limiting viscosity number, [η],
hydrodynAMic radius, Rη,
molar mass and polydispersity index, Q,
are presented in this paper. Two series of AHBP, synthesized from 2,2-bis(hydroxylmethyl)propionic acid and
di-trimethylolpropane using a pseudo-one-step and a one-step procedure were
investigated. The obtained results show that the values of [η] and Rη for all exAMined sAMples are the highest in a 0.7
mass % solution of LiCl in N,N-dimethylacetAMide (LiCl/DMAc), which indicates
that this solvent is the best from the investigated ones. The values of [η] in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) increased up to the sixth pseudo
generation, after which a slight decrease occurred as the consequence of the
presence of side-reaction products, formed during the synthesis. The appearance
of these side-reaction products was also confirmed from the characteristic the
GPC chromatogrAMs. For the sAMples of AHBP synthesized using the
pseudo-one-step procedure, a good linear dependence between log [η] and log Mw was obtained up to the fifth pseudo generation, when
LiCl/DMAc, NMP and DMAc were used as solvents. The values of the “shrinking”
factor, g’, were calculated for all
investigated AHBPs.
Keywords: aliphatic hyperbranched polyesters, dilute solutions,
limiting viscosity number, GPC.
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UDC 678–13+66–96+544.35:543.422.25, JSCS–3680, doi: 10.2298/JSC0712507M; Original scientific paper
Preparation and modification of itaconic
anhydride–methyl methacrylate copolymers
MILOS B. MILOVANOVIC, SNEZANA S. TRIFUNOVIC*, LYNNE KATSIKAS** and
IVANKA G. POPOVIC**
Institute of Chemistry, Technology and
Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoseva 12,
*Faculty of Chemistry, University of
Belgrade, Studentski trg 12–16,
**Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy,
University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4,
(Received 02 August 2007)
The free radical copolymerisation of itaconic anhydride and methyl
methacrylate in solution was studied at 60 °C. The copolymer composition was
determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy and the obtained monomer
reactivity ratios were calculated, rITA = 1.35±0.11; rMMA
= 0.22±0.22 (by the Fineman–Ross method) and rITA = 1.27±0.38;
rMMA = 0.10±0.05 (by the Mayo–Lewis method). The
synthesised copolymers were modified by reaction with di-n-butyl AMine. The copolymer composition after AMidation was
determined by elemental analysis via
the nitrogen content. Amidation of the anhydride units in the copolymers with
di-n-butyl AMine resulted in complete conversion to itaconAMic acid.
Keywords: copolymerisation, itaconic anhydride, methyl
methacrylate, AMidation, itaconAMic acid.
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UDC 678.048:542.913:678.742.004.12, JSCS–3681, doi: 10.2298/JSC0712515P; Original scientific paper
The influence of antioxidant and
post-synthetic treatment on the properties of biodegradable poly(butylene
succinate)s modified with poly(propylene oxide)
DRAGANA PEPIC, MARIJA RADOICIC, MARIJA S. NIKOLIC and JASNA DJONLAGIC
Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy,
University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000
(Received 31 July 2007)
Novel poly(ester–ether)s based on poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) as the
hard segments and 30 mass % of poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) as the soft segments
were synthesized with varying AMount of the antioxidant (N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediAMine, DPPD). The
influences of the addition of DPPD and the impact of post-synthetic treatment
by precipitation on the molecular structure, thermal and physical properties,
as well as on the storage stability of the biodegradable aliphatic
copolyesters, were investigated. The structure and composition of the
copolymers were determined by means of 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The
molecular weight and polydispersity of the poly(ester–ether)s were evaluated
from solution viscosity and GPC measurements. The thermal properties and
stability were evaluated, respecttively, by means of DSC and non-isothermal
thermogravimetry in an inert nitrogen atmosphere. The biodegradability
potential of the polymers was studied in hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation
tests with Candida cylindracea lipase
by monitoring the weight loss of polymer films after incubation. The weight
losses of the sAMples increased with time and were in the range from 1 to 5
mass % after 4 weeks. GPC analysis confirmed that there were changes in the
molecular weight of the copolyesters during both hydrolytic and enzymatic
degradation tests, leading to the conclusion that the degradation mechanism of
poly(butylenes succinate) modified with PPO occurred through surface erosion
and bulk degradation.
Keywords: poly(ester–ether), poly(butylene succinate),
poly(propylene oxide), biodegradable, antioxidant, enzymatic degradation.
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J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 72 (12) 1533–1543 (2007)
Contents of Volume 72
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J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 72 (12) 1545–1548 (2007)
Subject index
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J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 72 (12) 1549–1554 (2007)
Author index
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End of Vol 72
Copyright
&AMp; copy; SHD 2007.
November 25, 2007.
For more information contact: JSCS@tmf.bg.ac.yu