JSCS Vol 75, No. 3
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J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 75 (3) 297 (2010)
Editor’s note
JSCS – OnLine
First
The section “JSCS – OnLine
First” at www.shd.org.rs/JSCS, starting March 1, 2010, and issue No. 3 of Vol.
75 (2010), displays peer reviewed and accepted articles to be published in the
Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society. The articles are prepared for final
technical work.
When the final article is assigned to an issue of the
Journal, the “JSCS – OnLine First” version will be
removed from this section and will appear in the associated printed Journal
issue and in the electronic form at the Journal’s Web Site.
Please be aware that, although “JSCS – OnLine First” versions do not have all bibliographic
details available yet, they can already be cited using the year of OnLine publication and the DOI as follows: Author(s),
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Full Article
- PDF 113 KB
J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 75 (3) 299–305 (2010)
UDC
547.461.4+547.223+66.091+544.4:547.72; JSCS–3961; doi: 10.2298/JSC090824025G; Original scientific paper
An efficient one-pot synthesis of highly
substituted furans catalyzed by N-bromosuccinimide
HASSAN GHASEMNEJAD–BOSRA, MOHAMMAD FARAJE, SETAREH HABIBZADEH* and FARHAD
RAMZANIAN-LEHMALI**
IslAMic Azad University-Babol
Branch, School of Science, P.O. Box 755, Babol, Iran
*Industrial Noshiravani
University, Babol, Iran
**University of PayAMenoor, Babol, Iran
(Received 24 August, revised 25 December
2009)
N-Bromosuccinimide was found
to efficiently catalyze the synthesis of highly functionalized, tetra-substituted
furan derivatives in the one-pot reactions of but-2-ene-1,4-diones and
acetoacetate esters in the presence of i-PrOH as
solvent under mild and neutral conditions at 80–90 °C for 3–7 h in high yields
(87–94 %).
Keywords: highly substituted furans; N-bromosuccinimide;
but-2-ene-1,4-diones; acetoacetate esters.
Full
Article - PDF 203 KB Available OnLine: 10. 03. 2010.
J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 75 (3) 307–316 (2010)
UDC
66.094.3.097+546.221.1+544.478:547.544; JSCS–3962; doi: 10.2298/JSC081210001H; Original scientific paper
Molybdatophosphoric acid as an efficient catalyst for the catalytic and chemoselective
oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides using urea hydrogen peroxide as a
commercially available oxidant
ALIREZA HASANINEJAD, MOHAMMAD ALI ZOLFIGOL*, GHOLAMABBAS CHEHARDOLI** and MOHAMMAD
MOKHLESI*
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr
75169, Iran
*Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina
University, P. O. Box 4135, HAMedan 6517838683, Iran
**School of Pharmacy, HAMedan
University of Medical Sciences,zip
code 65178, HAMedan, Iran
(Received 10 December 2008, revised 16
October 2009)
An efficient procedure for the chemoselective
oxidation of alkyl (aryl) sulfides to the corresponding sulfoxides using urea hydrogen
peroxide (UHP) in the presence of a catalytic AMount
of molybdatophosphoric acid at room temperature is
described. The advantages of described method are: generality, high yield and chemoselectivity, short reaction time, low cost and
compliment with green chemistry protocols.
Keywords: molybdatophosphoric acid;
urea hydrogen peroxide (UHP); chemoselective;
oxidation; sulfides; sulfoxides
Full Article - PDF 236 KB Available
OnLine: 10. 03. 2010.
J. Serb.
Chem. Soc. 75 (3) 317–322 (2010)
UDC 577.15+577.112.4:577.123; JSCS–3963;
doi: 10.2298/JSC090724019D; Original
scientific paper
The role of adenosine triphosphate in
the function of human origin recognition complex 4 protein
ALEKSANDRA DIVAC, BRANKO TOMIĆ and JELENA KUŠIĆ
Institute of Molecular Genetics and
Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
(Received 24 July, revised 13 October
2009)
Human
origin recognition complex 4 (ORC4) protein, a subunit of the origin
recognition complex, belongs to the AAA+ superfAMily
of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ases. Proteins
belonging to this fAMily require ATP for their
function and interactions with ATP lead to conformational changes in them or in
their partners. Human ORC4 protein induces structural changes in DNA
substrates, promoting renaturation and formation of non-canonical structures,
as well as conversion of single-stranded into multi-stranded oligonucleotide
structures. The aim of this study was to further investigate the role of ATP in
the function of human ORC4 protein. For this purpose, a mutant in the conserved
Walker B motif of ORC4, which is able to bind but not to hydrolyze ATP, was
constructed and its activity in DNA restructuring reactions was investigated.
The obtained results showed that ATP hydrolysis is not necessary for the
function of human ORC4. It is proposed that ATP has a structural role as a
cofactor in the function of human ORC4 as a DNA restructuring agent.
Keywords:
origin recognition complex (ORC); adenosine triphosphate (ATP); DNA structure;
origin selection.
Full Article - PDF 218 KB Available OnLine: 10. 03. 2010.
J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 75 (3) 323–331 (2010)
UDC
633.15–035.23/.25:57.017.6:66.094.1:536.7; JSCS–3964; doi: 10.2298/JSC090630017D; Original scientific paper
Introduction of the interdependence
between the glutathione half-cell reduction potential and thermodynAMic
parAMeters during accelerated aging of maize seeds
VESNA D. DRAGIČEVIĆ, SLOBODANKA D. SREDOJEVIĆ and MIHAJLO B. SPASIĆ*
Maize Research Institute, Slobodana Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun,
Serbia
*Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, Bld. Despota Stefana 142, 11060
Belgrade, Serbia
(Received 30 June, revised 16 September
2009)
Two maize hybrids with a different ability to maintain
seed germination were exAMined during the course of
accelerated aging (AA). Initially, the similar seed reduction potential of the
GSSG/2GSH half-cell increased in H1 (dent hybrid) without influencing the seed
germination ability up to the 6th day of AA, while in H2 (sweet corn
hybrid), it was not changed up to the 6th day of AA but with a
significant later loss of seed germination ability. During the AA course, the AMount of free thiol decreased in H1 and increased in H2.
Irrespective of the continual increase of the differential Gibbs energy during
AA, the characteristics of the exAMined hybrids are
possibly connected to the different metabolic pathways of the seeds: H1 is characterised by higher entropy and positive enthalpy
values, while H2 had negative entropy values and a decreasing trend of
enthalpy, indicating a shift of the system from a relatively ordered to a
disordered state. The different types of nanomolecular
switches, re-sulting in a faster decrease of GSH in
the H2 than in the H1 hybrids, indicate that a combination of the GSSG/2GSH
half-cell potential and thermodynAMics could be a
useful tool to quantify plant stress.
Keywords:
aging; glutathione; maize seeds; free
thiols; seed germination ability; thermodynAMics.
Full Article - PDF 231 KB Available OnLine:
10. 03. 2010.
UDC 547.979.733–36+542.943–188:535.379;
JSCS–3965; doi: 10.2298/JSC090809021V; Original scientific paper
Evaluation of the oxidative activity of some free base porphyrins by a chemiluminescence method
MARIANA VOICESCU, RODICA ION* and AURELIA MEGHEA**
Institute of Physical
Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
*Research and Development
National Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry
–ICECHIM, 202 Splaiul Independentei,
060021, Bucharest, Romania
**University Politehnica of Bucharest, Department of Applied Physical
Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Polizu 1, 78126
Bucharest, Romania
(Received 9 August, revised 16 September
2009)
Due to their spectral characteristics, phototoxicity and high affinity for tumour
tissues, porphyrins and their derivatives are widely used in modern medicine as
contrast agents for cancer diagnostics and as sensitizers in photodynAMic therapy, where they kill tumours
via enhancement of tumour oxidative stress. The aim
of this work was to simulate in vitro the effects caused by oxidation of
two free base porphyrins, 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) and 5,10,15,20‑tetra(4‑methoxyphenyl)porphyrin
(TMOPP). The kinetic study was monitored using spectral techniques and chemiluminescence. The effect of both porphyrins on an
oxidation process was evidenced using the chemilumi-nescent
system, luminal–hydrogen peroxide, in a phosphate buffer at pH 7. It was found
that at low concentration, TPP exerts the anti-oxidative effect in the employed
chemiluminescent system, while at higher concentrations; its effect is
pro-oxidative. TMOPP exerts a pro-oxidant effect, which was more pronounced
than TPP. The results are discussed with respect to oxidative stress.
Keywords: free base porphyrins; chemiluminescence;
oxidative activity; luminol.
Full Article - PDF 243 KB Available OnLine:
10. 03. 2010.
UDC 665.52/.54:582.949.26(540uttarakhand); JSCS–3966; doi: 10.2298/JSC090616015V; Short communication
SHORT COMMUNICATION
Essential oil composition of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. cultivated
in the mid hills of Uttarakhand, India
RAM S. VERMA, LAIQ U. RAHMAN*, CHANDAN S. CHANOTIYA*,
RAJESH K. VERMA, AMIT CHAUHAN, ANJU YADAV*, ANAND SINGH and AJAI K. YADAV
Central Institute of
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Resource Centre, Purara,
P.O. – Gagrigole, Bageshwar,
Uttarakhand – 263688, India
*Central Institute of
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, PO CIMAP, Lucknow – 226015, India
(Received 16 June, revised
28 August 2009)
The essential
oil content in the inflorescence of lavender (Lavandula
angustifolia Mill.) cultivated in the mid hills
of Uttarakhand was found to be 2.8 % based on the fresh
weight. The oil was analysed by capillary GC and
GC–MS. Thirty seven constituents, representing 97.81 % of the oil were
identified. The major components of the oil were linalyl
acetate (47.56 %), linalool (28.06 %), lavandulyl
acetate (4.34 %) and α-terpineol (3.75 %). The
quality of lavender oil produced in India was found to be comparable to that
produced in Hungary, France, China, Bulgaria, Russia and the USA.
Keyword: Lavandula angustifolia;
LAMiaceae; inflorescence; essential oil; GC–MS.
Full Article - PDF 184 KB Available OnLine:
10. 03. 2010.
J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 75 (3) 349–359 (2010)
UDC
546.562’742’732’712’723+542.913:542.9+547.571+547.551:543.57; JSCS–3967; doi: 10.2298/JSC090408009M; Original
scientific paper
Synthesis, characterization and thermal
study of some transition metal complexes of an asymmetrical tetradentate
Schiff base ligand
ACHUT S. MUNDE, AMARNATH
N. JAGDALE*, SARIKA M. JADHAV** and TRIMBAK K. CHONDHEKAR**
Department of
Chemistry, Milind College of Science, Aurangabad-431 004, Maharashtra, India
*Department of
Chemistry, D. P. College, Karjat, Dist. Ahemdnager, Maharashtra, India
**Department of
Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar
Marathwada University, Aurangabad-431 004,
Maharashtra, India
(Received 8 April, revised 16 October 2009)
Complexes of Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Mn(II) and Fe(III) with an asymmetric tetradentate
Schiff base ligand derived from dehydroacetic acid,
4-methyl-o-phenylenediAMine and salicylic aldehyde were synthesized and
characterized by elemental analysis, conductometry,
magnetic susceptibility, UV–Vis, IR, 1H-NMR spectroscopy, X-ray
diffraction analysis of powdered sAMples and thermal
analysis, and screened for antimicrobial activity. The IR spectral data
suggested that the ligand behaves as a dibasic tetadentate
ligand towards the central metal ion with an ONNO donor atoms sequence. From
the microanalytical data, the stoichiometry of the
complexes 1:1 (metal:ligand)
was found. The physico-chemical data suggested square
planar geometry for the Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes
and octahedral geometry for the Co(II), Mn(II) and
Fe(III) complexes. The thermal behaviour (TGA/DTA) of
the complexes was studied and kinetic parAMeters were
determined by Horowitz–Metzger and Coats–Redfern methods. The powder X-ray
diffraction data suggested a monoclinic crystal system for the Co(II), Mn(II) and Fe(III)
complexes. The ligand and their metal complexes were screened for antibacterial
activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and
fungicidal activity against Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma viride.
Keywords: dehydroacetic acid;
asymmetrical tetradentate Schiff base; transition
metal complexes; thermal analysis; powder X-ray diffraction; antimicrobial
activity.
Full Article - PDF 234 KB Available OnLine:
10. 03. 2010.
J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 75 (3)
361–368 (2010)
UDC 541.3:546.26:532.74:519.17–124;
JSCS–3968; doi: 10.2298/JSC090730020A; Original
scientific paper
Enumeration of a
class of IPR hetero-fullerenes
ALI REZA ASHRAFI and
MODJTABA GHORBANI
Institute of Nanoscience
and Nanotechnology, University of Kashan, Kashan 87317-51167, I. R. Iran
(Received 30 July, revised
20 August 2009)
Hetero-fullerenes are
fullerenes in which some of the carbon atoms are replaced by other atoms. This
paper uses the Pólya theorem to count the number of
their possible positional isomers and chiral isomers. To do this, the computer
algebra system GAP was applied to compute this number for a class of IPR
hetero-fullerenes with Ih
point group symmetry. These fullerenes were constructed by means of the
leapfrog principle.
Keywords: fullerene; hetero-fullerene; Pólya theorem; cycle index.
Full Article - PDF 279 KB Available OnLine:
10. 03. 2010.
J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 75 (3)
369–376 (2010)
UDC 678.674+546.173:678:539.24; JSCS–3969, doi: 10.2298/JSC090326007L; Original scientific paper
An SEM and EDS study of the
microstructure of nitrate ester plasticized polyether propellants
YONG LIU*,**,
LUOXIN WANG*, XINLIN TUO* and SONGNIAN LI*,**
*Institute of Polymers,
Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
**College of Mechanical and
Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing
100029, China
(Received 26 March, revised
15 July 2009)
To probe the
microstructures of nitrate ester plasticized polyether (NEPE) composite
propellants and observe the morphology of each constitute in the propellant,
the microstructure and elemental constitutes of NEPE propellants were
investigated using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray
spectroscopy. The AMmonium perchlorate (AP) grains
had a scraggy surface and were difficult to disperse uniformly. The
compatibility between the AP grains and the polymer binder was poor, especially
for large grains. The size distribution range of the AP and octogen
(HMX) grains in propellants varied from several to several hundreds
μm for the former while for the latter from several
to several tens μm. Contrasting images before and
after dissolution the propellant in trichloromethane
showed that the degree of crosslinking of the polymer binder was low since
non-crosslinked binder on the surface areas was easily removed by the solvent,
and that the plasticizer was near the HMX grains and contributed more O to the
element analysis of HMX.
Keywords: composite solid propellants; scanning
electron microscopy; microstructure; element analysis.
Full Article - PDF 800 KB Available OnLine:
10. 03. 2010.
J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 75 (3) 377–383 (2010)
UDC
678.744+541.183.1:544.6.018.47–036.7:541.182.64; JSCS–3970; doi: 10.2298/JSC090309005G; Short communication
SHORT COMMUNICATION
Surface-charged polyacrylonitrile/poly(vinyl
alcohol) (PAN/PVA) colloids used to prepare proton conducting materials
JIANDONG GAO*,**, ZHIGANG MA*,**, JING GUO*,**,
YONGJIAN HUAI*,**, ZHENGHUA DENG* and JISHUAN SUO*
*Chengdu Institute of
Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu Sichuan 610041, P. R.
China
**Graduate School of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
(Received 9 March, revised
20 August 2009)
Proton exchange membranes
exhibiting a well-organized structure were successfully prepared by a novel
self-assembling technique using surface-charged latex nanoparticles as building
blocks. The nanoparticles were synthesized in water by free-radical
copolymerization. Free-standing membranes were obtained by casting the polymer
emulsions followed by a cross-linking reaction. The acquired membrane exhibited
a high proton conductivity of 0.04 S cm-1 with an ion exchange
capacity (IEC) as low as 0.48 mmol g-1.
The enhanced proton conductivity is thought to be derived from the formation of
a co-continuous ionic network for ion channels by the closely packed surface-charged
latex nanoparticles, facilitating proton transportation in the membranes.
Keywords: polyacrylonitrile; poly(vinyl
alcohol); proton conductivity; ion exchange capacity; fuel cell.
Full Article - PDF 342 KB Available OnLine:
10. 03. 2010.
J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 75 (3) 385–394 (2010)
UDC
666.3–127.001:539.24:544.773.42/43; JSCS–3971; doi: 10.2298/JSC090410010Z; Original scientific paper
Preparation and morphology
of porous SiO2 cerAMics derived from fir
flour templates
ZHONG LI*,**,
TIEJUN SHI* and LIYING GUO*
*School of Chemical
Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
**School of Chemical
Engineering, Anhui University of Science &AMp;
Technology, Huainan 232001, China
(Received 10 April, revised
25 November 2009)
The preparation of SiO2
cerAMics with controllable porous structure from fir
flour templates via sol–gel processing was investigated. The specific
size the fir flour, which was treated with 20 % NaOH
solution, was infiltrated with a low viscous silica sol and subsequently
calcined in air, which resulted in the formation of highly porous SiO2
cerAMics. X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform
infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy
(FESEM) were employed to investigate the microstructure and phase formation
during processing as well as of the SiO2 cerAMics.
N2 adsorption measurements were used to analyze the pore size
distributions (PSD) of the final cerAMics. The
results indicated that the surface topography was changed and the proportion of
the AMorphous material was
increased in NaOH-treated fir flour. The final oxide
products retained ordered structures of the pores and showed unique pore sizes
and distributions with hierarchy on the nanoscale derived from the fir flour.
Keywords: porous silicon cerAMics;
microstructure; sol–gel process; calcination.
Full Article - PDF 960 KB Available OnLine:
10. 03. 2010.
J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 75 (3) 395–404 (2010)
UDC 633.824:665.52/.54:66.061+546.264–31:615.281–188; JSCS–3972; doi: 10.2298/JSC090303003I; Original scientific paper
Supercritical CO2
extract and essential oil of bay (Laurus nobilis L.) – chemical composition and antibacterial
activity
JASNA IVANOVIĆ, DUŠAN MIŠIĆ*,
MIHAILO RISTIĆ**, OLIVERA PEŠIĆ and IRENA ŽIŽOVIĆ
Faculty of Technology and
Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
*Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
**Institute for Medical
Plant Research “Dr Josif Pančić”, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
(Received 3 March, revised
26 September 2009)
The present study deals
with the supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction and hydrodistillation (HD) of dried bay leaves (Laurus nobilis L.).
The chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the SC-CO2
extract and essential oil (EO) from dried leaves of bay were compared to each
other and literature data. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the SC-CO2
extract and EO were performed using GC–FID and GC–MS analytical methods.
A significant difference in the chemical composition of the SC-CO2
extract and EO was observed. The EO comprised high contents of monoterpenes and
their oxygenated derivates (98.4 %), principally 1,8-cineole (33.4 %), linalool (16.0 %) and α-terpinyl acetate (13.8 %), sabinene
(6.91 %) and methyl eugenol (5.32 %). The SC-CO2 extract comprised
twice less monoterpenes and their oxygenated derivates
(43.89 %), together with sesquiterpenes (12.43 %), diterpenes (1.33 %) and esters (31.13 %). The major
components were methyl linoleate (16.18 %), α-terpinyl
acetate (12.88 %), linalool (9.00 %), methyl eugenol (8.67 %), methyl arachidonate (6.28 %) and eugenol (6.14 %). An
investigation of the antibacterial activity of bay SC-CO2 extract
and EO was completed on different Staphylococcus strains using the broth macrodilution method. Staphylococcus intermedius strains
were the most susceptible to both the SC-CO2 extract and EO (MIC =
640 µg/ml).
Keywords: Laurus nobilis;
bay; supercritical extraction; essential oil; antibacterial activity; gas
chromatography.
Full Article - PDF 362 KB Available OnLine:
10. 03. 2010.
J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 75 (3) 405–412 (2010)
UDC 628.161.2:547.236+632.954:2–492.3–032.35;
JSCS–3973; doi: 10.2298/JSC090307004M; Original
scientific paper
On the removal of s-triazine herbicides from waters using commercial low-cost
granular carbons
F. J. ROJAS MORENO*, J. M. CARDENETE
LÓPEZ*, R. MARÍN GALVÍN*,**, M. J. MARTÍNEZ
CORDÓN*** and J. M. RODRÍGUEZ MELLADO****
*Empresa
Municipal de Aguas de Córdoba, S.A, C/ De los Plateros, 1, E-14006-Córdoba,
Spain
*DepartAMento
de Química Inorgánica e Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, CAMpus Universitario Rabanales, edificio Marie Curie,
Universidad de Córdoba, E-14014-Córdoba, Spain
***DepartAMento
de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias, CAMpus Universitario Rabanales, edificio Marie Curie, Universidad de Córdoba
E-14014-Córdoba, Spain
****DepartAMento
de Química Física y Termodinámica Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, CAMpus Universitario Rabanales, edificio Marie Curie,
Universidad de Córdoba, E-14014-Córdoba, Spain
(Received 7 March 2009)
The adsorption capacities
of three low-cost granular active carbons, used in a water treatment facility
for the removal of the triazine herbicides propazine, prometryn and prometon, was evaluated. Kinetic studies showed that the
three carbon sAMples used could be suitable in
practice for the treatment of moderate contents of the herbicides in contAMinated waters. The apparent adsorption rate constants
were calculated. Equilibrium studies showed that the data fit the Frumkin isotherm. The results show that in the adsorption
process there are repulsive lateral interactions that depend mainly on the
adsorbate molecules rather than the nature or distribution of the adsorption
sites. Such lateral interactions seem to be established mainly between the
isopropyl groups of adjacent molecules, being of the sAMe
order for the three molecules.
Keywords: granular carbon; adsorption; triazine herbicides; herbicide removal; propazine;
prometryn; prometon.
Full Article - PDF 196 KB Available OnLine:
10. 03. 2010.
J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 75 (3) 413–422 (2010)
UDC *Shilajit:547.992:541.1.004.12:543.42.004.12; JSCS–3974; doi: 10.2298/JSC090316006A; Original scientific paper
Humic acid from Shilajit – a physico-chemical and
spectroscopic characterization
SURAJ P. AGARWAL*, M. D.
KHALID ANWER*,**, RAJESH KHANNA***, ASGAR
ALI* and YASMIN SULTANA*
*Dept. of Pharmaceutics,
Faculty of Pharmacy, JAMia HAMdard
(HAMdard University), New Delhi-110062, India
**College of Pharmacy, Al-kharj, King Saud University, K.S.A.
***Dabur Research Foundation,
22, Site IV, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad,Uttar
Pradesh-201010, India
(Received 16 March, revised
22 June 2009)
Shilajit is a blackish–brown
exudation, consisting of organic substances, metal ions and minerals, from
different formations, commonly found in the Himalayan region (1000–3000 m) from
Nepal to Kashmir. Shilajit can also be collected
throughout the mountain regions in Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Bajkal, throughout Ural, Caucasus
and Altai mountains also, at altitudes between 1000 to 5000 m. The major
physiological action of shilajit has been attributed
to the presence of bioactive dibenzo-α-pyrones together with humic and fulvic acids, which act as carrier molecules for the active
ingredients. In this work, the aim was to extract humic
acid from Shilajit from various sources and characterised these humic acids
based on their physicochemical properties, elemental analysis, UV/Vis and FTIR
spectra, X-ray diffraction pattern and DSC thermogrAMs.
The spectral features obtained from UV/Vis, FTIR, XRD and DSC studies for sAMples of different origins showed a distinct similarity AMongst themselves and in
comparison to soil humic acids. The surfactant
properties of the extracted fulvic acids were
investigated by determining the effect of increasing concentration on the
surface tension of water. The study demonstrated that humic
acids extracted from shilajit indeed possessed
surfactant properties.
Keywords: Shilajit; humic
acid; FTIR spectra; DSC; XRD; surfactant properties.
Full Article - PDF 130 KB Available OnLine:
10. 03. 2010.
Copyright
&AMp; copy; SHD 2010.
March 15, 2010.
For more information contact: JSCS-info@shd.org.rs