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J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 63(8) 585-599 (1998)
UDC 547.442.3:547.451.62
JSCS-2563
Review paper
REVIEW
Condensation
of 1,3-diketones with cyanoacetamide: 4,6-disubstituted-3-cyano-2-pyridones
MILICA
MISIC-VUKOVIC, DUSAN MIJIN, MIRJANA RADOJKOVIC-VELICKOVIC, NATASA VALENTIC and
VERA KRSTIC
Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of
Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade,
P.O.Box
494, YU-11001 Belgrade, Yugoslavia
(Received 6
April 1998)
1.
Introduction
2. Results
and discussion
3.
Selectivity of the reaction
4.
Kinetics and mechanism of the reaction
5. Enzyme
catalyzed reactions
6.
Structure-activity relationships
7. Further
investigations
Key words:
1,3-diketones, substituted 3-cyano-2-pyridones, catalysis, enzymes,
ion-exchange resins, phase-transfer catalysts, kinetics of condensation.
J.
Serb. Chem. Soc. 63(8) 601-606 (1998)
UDC
547.582.4:547.583.2
JSCS-2564
Original
scientific paper
A facile synthesis and
some new reactions of N-benzylcarboxamides with essential amino acids
RAGAB A. EL-SAYED
Chemistry Department,
Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
(Received 13 June 1997, revised 26 March 1998)
N-Benzyl-p-chloro
and N-benzyl-2,4-dichlorobenzamide react with chlorosulfonic acid to give the
corresponding p-sulfonyl chlorides (I, XIX), which on condensation with
nucleophiles give amino acid derivatives (II-VII) and (XX-XXV). Some of the
corresponding methyl esters (VIII-XI) were also prepared. Hydrazinolysis of
these methyl esters yielded the hydrazides (XII-XV). Coupling reactions of some
amino acid derivatives with amino acid methyl ester hydrochloride in THF-Et3N
medium, using the dicylohexylcarbodiimide method, furnished the desired
dipeptide methyl esters (XVI-XVII), (XXVI-XXVIII). The spectral data are
briefly discussed.
Key words: chlorosulfonation of
N-benzyl-4-chlorobenzamide, N-benzyl-2,4-dichlorobenzamide and their reactions
with different essential amino acids.
J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 63(8) 607-611 (1998)
UDC 547.586.6:547.466.1:547.964
JSCS-2565
Original scientific paper
A facile route for synthesis of some novel
organosulfur amino acid derivatives
RAGAB
A. EL-SAYED
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science,
Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egyipt
(Received 13
June 1997, revised 26 March 1998)
The
synthesis of a series of 4-chlorocinnamanilide-4'-sulfonylamino acids
(II-VIII), and some of the corresponding amino acid methyl esters (IX-XIII),
and hydrazides (XIV-XVI) are described. Coupling reactions of the 4-chlorocinnamanilide-4'-sulfonylamino
acids with amino acid methyl ester hydrochlorides in a THF-Et3N medium, using the
dicyclohexylcarbodiimide method, gave the dipeptide methyl esters (XVII-XIX).
The spectral data of some selected compounds are briefly discussed.
Key words:
coupling reactions, amino acids, methyl esters, hydrazides, dipeptide
derivatives.
J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 63(8) 613-625 (1998)
UDC 622.337.001.3(924)
JSCS-2566
Original scientific paper
Classification of the asphalts and their source
rock from the Dead Sea Basin (Israel): the asphaltene/kerogen vanadyl
porphyrins
PAVLE
I. PREMOVIC, IVANA R. TONSA, MIRJANA S. PAVLOVIC* and
LJUBISA S. JOVANOVIC
Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry,
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,
University
of Nis, P. O. Box 91, YU-18000 Nis, Yugoslavia and
*Institute
of Nuclear Sciences Vinca P.O. Box 522, YU-11000 Belgrade, Yugoslavia
(Received
30 January, revised 30 March 1998)
The
asphaltenes of the asphalts from the Dead Sea Basin were examined for the
presence of vanadyl porphyrins. These examinaitons demonstrated that the
asphalts fall into two broad class types, one having a relatively high vanadyl
prophyrins content (>300 ppm) and the other characterized by no vanadyl
porphyrins (<10 ppm). It is concluded that these asphalts belong to two
genetic types and have separate origins. The kerogens isolated from the
petroleum-source rock of the Dead Sea Basin were also analyzed. Two genetic
types of kerogen appeared to exist, a marine one highly enriched with these
pigments and a terrestrial one with no vanadyl porphyrins. For comparison, the
asphaltenes of typical asphaltic crude oils from Western Venezuela and kerogen
from their La Luna source rock were also examined. Previous detailed
geochemical studies1 indicated that La Luna kerogen is derived from marine
organic matter source. These materials have higher concentrations of vanadyl
porphyrins than the Dead Sea asphaltenes and the kerogens are enriched with
these compounds. Our results strengthen the potential of vanadyl porphyrins of
both petroleum asphaltenes and source-rock kerogen for use in genetic and
correlation studies.
Key words: asphalt,
vanadyl porphyrins, kerogen, petroleum.
J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 63(8)627-634(1998)
UDC 622.337.001.3:577.11.004.12
JSCS-2567
Original scientific paper
Some biochemical characteristics of three
industrial Penicillium chrysogenum strains
LJUBINKA
GLIGIC, MARJETKA KIDRIC* and JELENA JOKSIMOVIC**
ICN-Yugoslavia Pharmaceutical Works, Belgrade,
*Jozef
Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia and
**Institute
for Biological Research, YU-11060 Belgrade, Yugoslavia
(Received
24 November 1997)
Comparative
studies of the three high-producing industrial P. chrysogenum strains of
different origin and capacity for penicillin synthesis, designated M-7, M-8 and
M-9, were performed. The uptake of phenoxyacetic acid (POA), as a precursor of
the side chain in the penicilin V molecule, and the synthesis of the antibiotic
were examined by HPLC analysis during 7 days of batch-type fermentation. The
uptake of POA during the fermentation proceeded in several phases. The duration
of each phase, as well as the extent of the precursor uptake varied in a
strain-specific way. More intensive uptakes of POA were recorded during the
periods when the fermentation broth had lower pH values. Different fluctuations
in the penicillin production between the three strains were observed. The M-8
and M-9 strains were more efficient with respect to both the POA uptake and
penicillin production than the M-7 strain. The highest penicillin production
activity of the M-8 and M-9 strains was recorded between 96 and 120 h of
fermentation and that of the M-7 strain occured some 24 h later. In all three
strains an intensive uptake of the precursor preceded the periods of intensive
penicillin synthesis. The content of the total ribonucleic acids (RNAs) in the
mycelium, as an indicator of metabolically active biomass, varied during the
fermentation in a strain-specific manner. In all three P. chrysogenum
strains the maximum RNA content preceded periods of intensive penicillin V
biosynthesis. The relative mycelium volume (RMV) and the dry weight increased
continually during the fermentation suggesting that the RNA content represents
a much more reliable indicator of the metabolically active biomass than the
former two values, usually employed as references in fermentation processes.
Key words: Penicillium
chrysogenum, phenoxyacetic acid, penicillin V, batch-type fermentation, RNA.
J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 63(8) 635-638 (1998)
UDC 665.112+002.61:593.4/551.46
JSCS-2568
Short communication
SHORT
COMMUNICATION
The fatty
acid composition of Dysidea fragilis from the Black Sea and Adriatic Sea
IVAYLO
J. ELENKOV, KAMEN L. STEFANOV, ZORAN KLJAJIC*, NIKOLA DOGOVIC**, MIROSLAV J.
GASIC** and SIMEON S. POPOV
Institute of Organic Chemistry with Center of
Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria,
*Institute
for Marine Biology, Kotor, Yugoslavia and
**Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 158, YU-11001 Belgrade,
Yugoslavia
(Received
24 March 1998)
The fatty
acid compositions of the sponge Dysidea fragilis from the Black Sea and the
Adriatic sea, collected at different depths and salinity were investigated and
the effect of these environmental factors are discussed. The fatty acids from
an Adriatic sponge sample Pellina semitubulosa were also investigated.
Key words: fatty
acids, sponges, Dysidea fragilis, Pellina semitubulosa.
J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 63(8) 639-646 (1998)
UDC 547.538:539.12:539.144
JSCS-2569
Original scientific paper
Approximating total p-electron energy in terms
of spectral moments. A quantitative approach
IVAN
GUTMAN, SVETLANA MARKOVIC, ALEKSANDAR VESOVIC and ERNESTO ESTRADA*
Faculty
of Science, University of Kragujevac, P.O.Box 60, YU-34000 Kragujevac,
Yugoslavia, and
*Universidad
Central de Las Villas, Santa Clara 54830, Villa Clara, Cuba
(Received
23 March 1998)
The idea
to expand the total p-electron energy in terms of spectral moments was put
forward already in the 1950s, but its quantitative testing has not yet been
accomplished. We now provide results aimed at filling this gap. The total p-electron
energy of benzenoid hydrocarbons is approximated by means of a linear
combination of the first few spectral moments. The accuracy of this
approximation is very good (relative errors below 0.1%, correlation
coefficients above 0.99995). Inclusion of spectral moments higher than the
tenth does not significantly improve the quality of the approximation.
Expanding the total p-electron energy in terms of spectral moments of the line
graph yields very similar or identical results.
Key words:
total p-electron energy, spectral moments, benzenoid hydrocarbons.
J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 63(8) 647-652 (1998)
UDC 548.114/Wiener index//
JSCS-2570
Original scientific paper
A note on Cluj weighted adjacency matrices
MILAN
KUNZ
Jurkovicova 13, 63800 Brno, Czech Republic
(Received 8
January, revised 30 March 1998)
The
assymmetric Cluj matrices of trees are obtained by splitting the scalar
products of the path vertex matrices of the tree with the corresponding
incidence matrix of the unoriented complete graph into a diagonal matrix and an
off-diagonal Cluj matrix. The Wiener number appears at the xn-2 term of the
characteristic polynomial of the direct product of the Cluj matrix with the
corresponding adjacency matrix.
Key words: Wienner
number, adjacency matrices, Cluj matrices, eigenvalues, characteristic
polynomials.
J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 63(8) 653-659 (1998)
UDC 661.51:541.183:661.183.2
JSCS-2571
Original scientific paper
Ammonia adsorption on chemically modified
activated carbon cloth
MIRJANA
POLOVINA, BRANKA KALUDJEROVIC, BILJANA BABIC
Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory
170, P.O.Box 522, YU-11001 Belgrade, Yugoslavia
(Received
13 February 1998)
The effect
of CuCl2, CuSO4, and H2SO4 impregnation of
activated carbon cloth on ammonia adsorption at 303 K were examined. Cellulose
based activated carbon cloth of various activities were used as the starting
materials. The carbon cloth surface area and porous structure parameters were
determined by N2 adsorption at 77 K
using the gravimetric McBain method. Ammonia adsorption was significantly
increased on impregnated samples, at low relative pressure (low NH3 concentration). Ammonia
adsorption at high concentration was found to be directly influenced by the
available micropore valume of the activated carbon cloth.
Key words: activated
carbon cloth, impregnation, ammonia adsorption.
J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 63(8) 661-668 (1998)
UDC 549.731.1:66.091
JSCS-2572
Original scientific paper
Ternary and quaternary zinc-antimony based
spinels
DEJAN
POLETI, and LJILJANA KARANOVIC*
Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry,
Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, P.O.Box 494, YU-11001 Belgrade, and
*Laboratory
for Crystallography, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Djusina 7, YU-11000
Belgrade, Yugoslavia
(Received 9
April 1998)
Several
series of ternary, ZnxMzSbyO4, and quaternary, ZnxMz1'Mz2''SbyO4, spinels, where M',
M'' = Co2+, Ni2+, Mn3+ and Cr3+, have been prepared by
solid state reactions at 1100-1200°C. A compelte range of solid solutions was
found to exist in only one case, between Zn2.333Sb0.667O4 and Co2.333Sb0.667O4 as end-members. The
samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and diffuse reflectance
spectroscopy. The lattice parameters of both the ternary and quaternary spinels
depend linearly on the transition metal content. The diffuse reflectance
spectra indicate that for y << 1.33 (or y1+y2 < 1.33) the
tetrahedral sites are fully occupied by Zn2+ ions.
Key words: spinels,
zinc-antimony spinels, transition metals, cell parameters, cation distribution.
J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 63(8) 669-675 (1998)
UDC 546.733:541.428.49/547.413+547.293+547.466/
JSCS-2573
Original scientific paper
The preparation and characterization of
facial and meridional isomers of uns-cis-(ethylenediamine-N,N'-di-3-propionato)
cobalt(III) complexes with aliphatic a-S-amino acids
SANJA
R. GRGURIC, SRECKO R. TRIFUNOVIC* and TIBOR J. SABO
Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade,
P.O.Box 158, YU-11001 Belgrade and
*Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, P.O.Box 60,
YU-34000 Kragujevac, Yugoslavia
(Received
28 December 1997, revised 23 March 1998)
A series
of several complex compounds, both facial and meridional, of
uns-cis-(ethylenediamine-N,N'-di-3-propionato)cobalt(III) complexes
with some a-S-amino acids, S-alanine, S-valine, S-leucine and S-isoleucine,
were prepared by the reaction of sodium uns-cis-(ethylenediamine-N,N'-di-3-propionato)(carbonato)cobaltate(III)dihydrate
and the corresponding amino acid at 70 °C. The complexes were isolated
chromatographically and characterized by elemental analysis, as well as
electron absorption and infrared spectroscopy.
Key words: cobalt(III)
complexes, ethylenediamine-N,N'-di-3-propionic acid, S-amino acid.
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